.Net on day 5

Declaring Variable in C#:

Variable: These are hte place holders for maintaining the value based on the datatypes used for defining the variable.

Syntax: 
[modifier]DataType VariableName[=value];

Modifier:
These are used to specify the access privileges for accessing the members. 

Observation:

With in the same program public internal & protected internal between the same way but if these members are accessed from other programs then internal will behave like protected modifiers.

Data Type:
     It is used to specify the type of value that can be assigned for the members C# supports two types of datatypes

>Value Type Datatypes
>Reference Type Datatypes

Boxing:
whenever a value type member is assigned to the reference type member then it is said to be boxing.

Note: 
Boxing happens implicitly

Un Boxing:
 Whenever a reference type member is assigned to the value type member the it is said to be Unboxing

Note:
Unboxing needs to be performed explicitly

Syntax:
VTVariable =(VTDatatype)RTVariable;

Program:

// Demo on Boxing and Unboxing

Using System;

namespace fresherslike
{
        class BoxingNunboxingDemo
         {
                 public static void Main()
                  {
                       int i=10;      // Value type member
                       Object P;    // Reference type member
                        P=i;            // Boxing
                        int j;             // Value type membe
                        // j=P; error
                        j=(int)P;     // Unboxing
                        int k;          // Value type member
                        k=i;            // assignement
                      Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2},{3}",i,j,k,P);
                     }
               }
}

Output: 10,10,10

Parsing:
  Whenever a string has to be converted to any other datatype value then parsing should be used.

Syntax:
         DataType.Parse(stringValue)

Program:

// Demo on Parsing
using System; 
namespace Fresherslike
{ 
   class ParsingDemo
   {
     public static void Main()
    {
       int Empno;
       string Ename;
       decimal salary;
       DateTime Hiredate;

       Console.Write("Enter employee no:");
       Empno=int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

       Console.Write("Enter employee Name:");
       Ename=Console.ReadLine();

       Console.Write("Enter Salary:");
        salary=decimal.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

        Hiredate=DateTime.Now;  //assign the current system date & time
      
        Console.clear();   // clear the screen
         Console.ForegroundColor=ConsoleColor.Green; // set the fore color of text

          Console .WriteLine("Employee no#:{0} \n Employee Name:{1}\n Salary:Rs{2}\n Date of          joining:{3}", Empno, Ename,salary,Hiredate);

        }
   }
}

Output:
Enter Employee #:101
Employee Name: Fresherslike
Salary: Rs 20000
Date f joining :19/05/2013

Type Casting:
     Whenever a lower range value is converted to a higher range value (or) viceversa then it is said to be Type casting

Note:
Type casting will always be performed on the same family type(byte,int,float,double,decimal etc)

Syntax:
VTVariable=(VTDatatype)<VTVariable/VTExpr.>


Program:

// Demo On Type Casting
  
using System;
namespace Fresherslike
{
      class TypeCastingDemo
      {
          public static void Main()
           {
             int no1,no2;
             float result1,result2;
              
             Console.WriteLine("Enter Two Numbers Below:");
              
             no1= int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());
              no2= int.Parse(Console.ReadLine());

               result1= no1/no2;
               result2=(float)no1/no2;       // Type Casting

               Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1}={2}", no1,no2,result1);
                Console.WriteLine("{0}/{1}={2}", no1,no2,result2);
            }
         }
}

Input:
  10
   3
Output:
10/3 =  3
10/3 = 3.3333



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